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Working autonomously or under remote control by astronauts, flight controllers or ground researchers, the robots are designed to perform tasks such as inventory, documenting astronaut experiments with their built-in cameras or collaborating to move cargo throughout the station. Additionally, the system serves as a research platform that can be equipped and programmed to conduct experiments in microgravity – helping us learn more about how robotics can benefit astronauts in space.

The Astrobee system consists of three cube-shaped robots, software, and a docking station used for charging. The robots use electric fans as a propulsion system that allows them to fly freely through the station's microgravity environment. Cameras and sensors help them "see" and navigate their surroundings. The robots also carry a perched arm that allows them to grasp the station's handrails to save energy or to grab and hold objects.

Astrobee builds on the legacy and lessons learned from the SPHERES robots—short for Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellite—that have been on the station for more than a decade. Once the Astrobee system is fully commissioned, it will take over from SPHERES as the space station’s robotic test facility, helping us learn new capabilities in our journey of space exploration.
Visiting scientists will be able to use Astrobee to conduct investigations that will help develop technology — both hardware and software — for future missions. Because the robots are modular and can be upgraded, the system gives researchers and scientists diverse capabilities to perform a wide range of experiments inside the station.